SEDIMENTOLOGY
Sedimentology is tied to stratigraphy, which studies the relationships between rock layers and how they can shift and move. This also affects where petroleum deposits can be found, as well as how the extraction of petroleum affects the sediment around the deposit.
As this book is intended for engineering students in geology and geophysics, drillers, producers, and economists, it voluntarily leaves out certain aspects of geology such as mineralogy, the geology of crystalline basements, and metamorphism. It essentially deals with sedimentary geology and was designed as a teaching support with an emphasis on the basics and the language used in the profession. |
The objective of this course and accompanying text are to illustrate the main sedimentological characteristics of fluvial, deltaic and coastal clastic reservoirs, and to propose practical guidelines for subsurface reservoir correlation and mapping in these types of deposits. It is assumed that the course participants have a certain degree of subsurface experience and are familiar with well log interpretation, as well as the rudiments of clastic sedimentology. |
Basin Analysis originally defined as the integrated study of sedimentary basins as geodynamic entities. This is even more the case today. It is now realized that the geodynamic system involving basin development must also include the processes of rock exhumation, erosion and sediment transport in the source terrains of sedimentary basins. To understand a basin as a geodynamic entity therefore requires an appreciation of the coupling between mantle, lithosphere, oceans, atmosphere, and land surface. The perspective is expansive and multidisciplinary. |
The intention of this book is to provide a detailed synthesis of the enormous body of research which has been published on carbonate sediments and rocks. Such rocks are worthy of attention for several reasons. They are volumetrically a most significant part of the geological record and possess much of the fossil record of life on this planet. Most importantly they contain at least 40% of the world's known hydrocarbon reserves. They also play host to base metal deposits and groundwater resources, and are raw materials for the construction and chemical industries. No other rock type is as economically important.
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This expose, dedicated to carbonate rocks, approaches sequence stratigraphy from its sedimentologic background. Carbonate sedimentation, in contrast to siliciclastic sedimentation, is largely governed by chemistry and biota of the ocean and thus intimately tied to the ocean environment. Therefore, the presentation starts with essentials of physical and chemical oceanography and biology. It then proceeds to principles of marine carbonate production (and erosion) and the geometry of carbonate accumulations, using the concept of carbonate production systems, or factories, to illustrate the variations among carbonate rocks. |
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