There are many ways the field of Geology contributes to the Petroleum Industry. The varied disciplines of Geology explore the history of the Earth itself in hopes of understanding in greater detail where oil comes from and where more oil might be found, as well as the best ways to retrieve oil and utilize it once it has been retrieved.
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CORING
Conventional coring is acquisition and recovery to surface of a continuous column of reservoir formation material. To the extent possible, core samples are taken in an undamaged, physically unaltered state. The formation material may be solid rock, friable rock, conglomerates, unconsolidated sands, coal, shales, gumbos, or clays. Moreover, the reservoir core material itself will provide the most accurate information available to geologists, engineers, and petrophysicists.
GEOLOGY
Petroleum geology is the study of origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It refers to the specific set of geological disciplines that are applied to the search for hydrocarbons.
WELLSITE
Well-Site Geology service provides on-site geological supervision to deliver reliable and accurate decision-making information during oil and gas well drilling.
RESERVOIR
The principal goal of reservoir characterization is to outsmart nature to obtain higher recoveries with fewer wells in better positions at minimum cost through optimization. Reservoir characterization as a discipline grew out of the recognition that more oil and gas could be extracted from reservoirs if the geology of the reservoir was understood.
STRUCTURE
Structural geology is the study of the three dimensional distribution of large bodies of rock, their surfaces, and the composition of their inside in order to try and learn about their tectonic history, past geological environments and events that could have changed or deformed them. These can be dated to determine when the structural features formed.
GEOPHYSICS
Geophysics is the science which deals with investigating the Earth, using the methods and techniques of Physics. The physical properties of earth such as density, elasticity, magnetization, and electrical conductivity all allow inference about those materials to be made from measurements of the corresponding physical fields - gravity, seismic waves, magnetic fields, and various kinds of electrical fields.
PETROPHYSICS
Petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties that describe the occurrence and behavior of rocks, soils and fluids. Petrophysicists evaluate the reservoir rock properties by employing well log measurements, in which a string of measurement tools are inserted in the borehole, core measurements, in which rock samples are retrieved from subsurface, and sometimes seismic measurements, and combining them with geology and geophysics.
SEDIMENTOLOGY
Sedimentology is tied to stratigraphy, which studies the relationships between rock layers and how they can shift and move. This also affects where petroleum deposits can be found, as well as how the extraction of petroleum affects the sediment around the deposit.
WIRELINE LOGGING
In the oil and gas industry, the term wireline logging usually refers to a cabling technology used by operators of oil and gas wells to lower equipment or measurement devices into the well for the purposes of well intervention and reservoir evaluation. Also a continuous measurement of formation properties with electrically powered instruments to infer properties and make decisions about drilling and production operations.
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of scales and explain these stratigraphic units in terms of variations in sediment supply and variations in the rate of change in accommodation space.