GEOPHYSICS
Geophysics is the science which deals with investigating the Earth, using the methods and techniques of Physics. The physical properties of earth such as density, elasticity, magnetization, and electrical conductivity all allow inference about those materials to be made from measurements of the corresponding physical fields - gravity, seismic waves, magnetic fields, and various kinds of electrical fields.
The purpose of this book is to help anyone involved in small-scale geophysical surveys. It is not a textbook in the traditional sense, in that it is designed for use in the field and concerns itself with practical matters – with theory taking second place. Where theory determines field practice, it is stated, not developed or justified. For example, no attempt is made to explain why four-electrode resistivity works where two-electrode surveys do not. The increase in the number of geophysical surveys directed at the very shallow subsurface (1–5 m) has also led to the increasing use of electromagnetic methods of conductivity mapping and the development of non-contacting electrical methods which use capacitative rather than inductive coupling. |
This work explains important aspects and fundamental concepts in hydrocarbon exploration and production. Moreover, new developments and recent advances in the relevant research areas are discussed, where special emphasis is placed on mathematical methods and modeling. The book reflects the multi-disciplinary character of the hydrocarbon production workflow, ranging from seismic data acquisition through imaging, seismic analysis & interpretation, and geological model building to numerical reservoir simulation. |
This book begins with an introduction that is more philosophical than technical, followed by five chapters on fundamentals of reflection seismic (titled Seismic Response, Seismic Attributes, Velocity, Migration, and Resolution). The primary aim of this book is to describe Dix’s correlation procedure in terms of the science, data, tools, and techniques now used in seismic interpretation in the oil and gas industry. Interpretation is telling the geologic story contained in seismic data. It is correlating the features we see in seismic data with elements of geology as we know them. |
This book originated mainly from M.Sc level class room teaching of three courses viz. Field Theory – I (Potential Theory), Field Theory – II (Electromagnetic Theory) and Inverse theory in the Department of Geology and Geophysics, I.I.T., Kharagpur, India. The prime motivation behind writing this book was to prepare a text cum reference book on Field Theory (Scalar and Vector Potentials and Inversion of Potential Fields). This book has more detailed treatments on electrical and electromagnetic potentials. It is slightly biased towards electrical methods. |
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. It shows how the multidisciplinary combination of rock physics models with seismic data, sedimentological information, and stochastic techniques can lead to more powerful results than can be obtained from a single techniques. This book is aimed at graduate students, academics, and industry professionals working in the areas of petroleum geosciences and exploration seismology. |
Growth faults caused by gravity sliding of overpressed sediments on low (<3°) delta slopes. The rollover anticline is developed on the downthrown side. There is clear rotation of the bedding with drag against the faults. Note also the synthetic and antithetic crestal collapse faults. The deeper horizontal parts of the fault planes are “correctly stacked”. The large amplitude, however, is probably the result of extremely strong over-pressures. The more steeply dipping parts of the fault plane can only be inferred from the reflection terminations. |
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